Divergent Impact Charging of Polymer Particles

TL;DR

This paper reveals that polymer particles exhibit a linear relationship between impact charge and pre-impact charge, with polarity influenced by ion attraction, challenging previous beliefs based on conductive particles.

Contribution

It introduces a new phenomenological model explaining divergent impact charging in polymers, supported by reanalysis of prior experimental data.

Findings

Polymer impact charge increases linearly with pre-impact charge.

Polarity is determined by ion attraction rather than material properties.

Previous measurements support the proposed ion-based mechanism.

Abstract

When a particle contacts a surface of another material, it is commonly believed that the particle acquires an impact charge that scales inversely with its pre-impact charge and whose polarity is set by the materials. We show that this belief holds for conductive particles but fails for polymers. For polymers, the impact charge increases linearly with the particle's pre-impact charge. Its polarity is not determined by the materials but by the pre-impact particle charge relative to a divergence point at which the net charge transfer reverses. We attribute this divergence to the attraction of surrounding ions to the particle surface. These attracted ions carry polarity opposite to that of the particle, and their amount scales with the particle charge. They transfer to the opposing surface during contact, thereby defining the impact charge. We propose a phenomenological model for the divergent impact charge arising from this mechanism. Finally, we reexamine previous measurements and show that they support this mechanism.