Torus-Projected Electromagnetic Wormholes Enabled by Anisotropic Singularity Reconstruction of Metamaterials

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel transformation optics approach using torus projection and conformal mapping to control virtual space topology, enabling switchable electromagnetic functionalities like trapping and beam manipulation.

Contribution

It presents a new method to manipulate virtual space topology in transformation optics through anisotropic metamaterials and a single parameter tuning, expanding control over electromagnetic field behavior.

Findings

Refractive-index anisotropy governs singularity structure and topology.

Switchable black-hole-like trapping and field redistribution achieved.

Practical functionalities include beam splitting and curvature-assisted focusing.

Abstract

Transformation optics uses coordinate mappings to emulate curved geometries and control electromagnetic fields. However, existing approaches primarily focus on geometric deformation while offering limited control over the global topology of the resulting optical space. Here we introduce a torus projection combined with a conformal mapping to construct a wormhole-like virtual optical geometry, providing a controllable route to manipulate virtual space topology within transformation optics. By tuning a single torus parameter, the virtual-space refractive index switches between isotropic and anisotropic forms, driving a transition from a disconnected horn-torus geometry to a connected ring-torus geometry in virtual space. In physical space, this virtual-space topology transition gives rise to switchable black-hole-like trapping, field redistribution, and geometry-controlled wave responses. Our results demonstrate how refractive-index anisotropy governs singularity structure and topology in transformation optics, while also suggesting practical functionalities including beam splitting, absorbing-like switching, and curvature-assisted focusing.