PEMI: Transparent Performance Enhancements for QUIC

TL;DR

PEMI is a system that transparently enhances QUIC performance by enabling in-network RTT measurement and packet loss inference, leading to faster retransmissions and improved throughput without endpoint cooperation.

Contribution

This paper introduces PEMI, a novel transparent middlebox system that improves QUIC performance by measuring RTT and inferring packet loss without endpoint modifications.

Findings

PEMI increases file transfer goodput by up to 2.5 times.

PEMI reduces jitter of RTC frames by 20-75%.

Extensive experiments validate PEMI's effectiveness.

Abstract

QUIC, as the transport layer of the next-generation Web stack (HTTP/3), natively provides security and performance improvements over TCP-based stacks. However, since QUIC provides end-to-end encryption for both data and packet headers, in-network assistance like Performance-Enhancing Proxy (PEP) is unavailable for QUIC. To achieve the similar optimization as TCP, some works seek to collaborate endpoints and middleboxes to provide in-network assistance for QUIC. But involving both host and in-network devices increases the difficulty of deployment in the Internet. In this paper, by analyzing the QUIC standard, implementations, and the locality of application traffic, we identify opportunities for transparent middleboxes to measure RTT and infer packet loss for QUIC connections, despite the absence of plaintext ACK information. We then propose PEMI as a concrete system that continuously measures RTT and infers lost packets, enabling fast retransmissions for QUIC. PEMI enables performance enhancement for QUIC in a completely transparent manner, without requiring any explicit cooperation from the endpoints. To keep fairness, PEMI employs a delay-based congestion control and utilizes feedback-based methods to enforce CWND. Extensive evaluation results, including Mininet and trace-driven dynamic experiments, show that PEMI can significantly improve the performance of QUIC. For example, in the Mininet experiments, PEMI increases the goodput of file transfers by up to 2.5$\times$, and reduces the 90th percentile jitter of RTC frames by 20-75%.