Recent progress in decays of $b$ and $c$ hadrons

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in heavy hadron decay calculations, focusing on anomalies in $b o s$ and $b o c$ transitions, CKM element determinations, and lepton universality tests.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of progress in understanding heavy hadron decays and discusses potential implications for physics beyond the Standard Model.

Findings

Identification of anomalies in $b o s$ and $b o c$ transitions

Progress in CKM matrix element determination

Current status of lepton universality ratios

Abstract

In the last ten years there has been great progress in calculations of decays of $B$ and $D$ mesons, and baryons containing a heavy $b$ or $c$ quark. One propelling factor has been the measurement of several anomalies in $b\to s$ and $b\to c$ transitions, these are one of the only signs of physics beyond the Standard Model. The deviations included measurements of branching ratios, angular observables and lepton universality ratios. Another factor is the exclusive-inclusive discrepancy in the determination of the CKM elements $V_{ub}$ and $V_{cb}$. We will first review recent calculations involving $b\to s$ and $c\to u$ transitions that could shed light on the neutral current anomalies. We will then summarise the progress the determination of the CKM elements, $V_{ub}$ and $V_{cb}$. Finally we will discuss the current theoretical status and experimental prospects for the lepton universality ratios in $b\to s$ and $b\to c$ semileptonic decays.