Towards a Sustainable Age of Information Metric: Carbon Footprint of Real-Time Status Updates

TL;DR

This paper introduces a framework for balancing information freshness and environmental impact by incorporating carbon footprint considerations into Age of Information metrics, providing models for sustainable real-time data updates.

Contribution

It develops a carbon-aware AoI framework with closed-form expressions and optimization strategies considering dynamic carbon intensity, addressing the trade-off between freshness and sustainability.

Findings

Minimizing AoI does not automatically minimize carbon footprint.

Dynamic carbon intensity significantly influences achievable AoI.

Joint optimization of CF, SNR, and scheduling is necessary for sustainable operation.

Abstract

The timeliness of collected information is essential for monitoring and control in data-driven intelligent infrastructures. It is typically quantified using the Age of Information (AoI) metric, which has been widely adopted to capture the freshness of information received in the form of status updates. While AoI-based metrics quantify how timely the collected information is, they largely overlook the environmental impact associated with frequent transmissions, specifically, the resulting Carbon Footprint (CF). To address this gap, we introduce a carbon-aware AoI framework. We first derive closed-form expressions for the average AoI under constrained CF budgets for the baseline $M/M/1$ and $M/M/1^*$ queuing models, assuming fixed Carbon Intensity (CI). We then extend the analysis by treating CI as a dynamic, time-varying parameter and solve the AoI minimization problem. Our results show that minimizing AoI does not inherently minimize CF, highlighting a clear trade-off between information freshness and environmental impact. CI variability further affects achievable AoI, indicating that sustainable operation requires joint optimization of CF budgets, Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR), and transmission scheduling. This work lays the foundation for carbon-aware information freshness optimization in next-generation networks.