The Pinnacle Architecture: Reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100 000 physical qubits using quantum LDPC codes

TL;DR

The paper introduces the Pinnacle Architecture, a quantum computing design using quantum LDPC codes, enabling RSA-2048 factorization with fewer than 100,000 qubits, significantly reducing resource requirements.

Contribution

It presents a novel fault-tolerant quantum architecture that drastically lowers the qubit count needed for practical quantum computations like RSA-2048 factoring.

Findings

RSA-2048 can be factored with fewer than 100,000 qubits

Uses quantum LDPC codes for lower overhead

Demonstrates feasibility of large-scale quantum computing

Abstract

The realisation of utility-scale quantum computing inextricably depends on the design of practical, low-overhead fault-tolerant architectures. We introduce the Pinnacle Architecture, which uses quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes to allow for universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation with a spacetime overhead significantly smaller than that of any competing architecture. With this architecture, we show that 2048-bit RSA integers can be factored with fewer than one hundred thousand physical qubits, given a physical error rate of $10^{-3}$, code cycle time of $1$ microsecond and a reaction time of $10$ microseconds. We thereby demonstrate the feasibility of utility-scale quantum computing with an order of magnitude fewer physical qubits than has previously been believed necessary.