Pion $\beta$ decay and $\tau\to\pi\pi\nu_\tau$ beyond leading logarithms

TL;DR

This paper improves the theoretical precision of weak hadronic decay predictions by matching short-distance contributions with hadronic matrix elements beyond leading logarithms, utilizing lattice QCD results.

Contribution

It introduces a method to perform matching beyond leading-logarithmic accuracy for pion and tau decays, reducing uncertainties in decay rate predictions.

Findings

Decay rate prediction for pion beta decay improved by a factor of three.

Negligible uncertainty from short-distance matching in tau decay corrections.

Enhanced precision in theoretical inputs for CKM matrix element and muon g-2 calculations.

Abstract

The consistent matching of short-distance contributions and hadronic matrix elements is crucial for precise predictions of weak processes involving hadrons. In this Letter, we address this point for charged-current processes involving two pions -- pion $\beta$ decay $\pi^\pm\to\pi^0 e^\pm\nu_e$ and hadronic $\tau$ decays $\tau^\pm\to\pi^\pm\pi^0\nu_\tau$ -- whose decay rates depend on the so-called $\gamma W$ box correction. Using recent results from lattice QCD, we show how to formulate the matching beyond leading-logarithmic accuracy, in particular, how to cancel the dependence on the scheme choice for evanescent operators. As main results, we obtain a prediction for the decay rate of pion $\beta$ decay with theory uncertainties improved by a factor of three, which renders theory uncertainties negligible for future determinations of $V_{ud}$ even beyond the reach of the PIONEER experiment, and an evaluation of isospin-breaking corrections to $\tau\to\pi\pi\nu_\tau$ with negligible uncertainty from the short-distance matching, as necessary for a future $\tau$-based determination of the hadronic-vacuum-polarization contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.