Fractional Hardy inequalities on $C^{1,1}$ open sets

TL;DR

This paper investigates fractional Hardy inequalities on $C^{1,1}$ domains, establishing conditions for the existence of optimal constants, providing bounds based on domain volume, and analyzing the behavior of Hardy constants near $s=1/2$, revealing new fractional phenomena.

Contribution

It introduces new conditions for the attainability of fractional Hardy inequality constants on $C^{1,1}$ sets and explores their dependence on domain geometry and the parameter $s$.

Findings

The best constant in the fractional Hardy inequality is achieved iff $ ext{lambda}> ext{lambda}^*(s, ext{Omega})$.

For convex sets, a lower bound for $ ext{lambda}^*(s, ext{Omega})$ is proportional to the inverse of the volume to a fractional power.

As $s$ approaches $1/2$, the Hardy constant $ ext{mu}_{N,s}( ext{Omega})$ equals the half-space constant and is not achieved, indicating a different behavior from the local case.

Abstract

Let $\Omega$ be a bounded open set of class $C^{1,1}$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$ and $s\in(\frac{1}{2}, 1)$. We study a family of fractional Hardy-type inequalities \begin{equation} \frac{c_{N,s}}{2}\displaystyle\iint_{\Omega\times\Omega}\frac{(u(x)-u(y))^2}{|x-y|^{N+2s}}\ dxdy-\displaystyle\lambda\int_{\Omega}u^2\ dx\geq C\displaystyle\int_{\Omega}\frac{u^2}{\delta^{2s}}\ dx,~~~\quad\forall\lambda\in\mathbb{R},~~~~~~~(0.1) \end{equation} with $u\in C_c^\infty(\Omega)$ and $C=C(\Omega,s,N,\lambda)>0$. We show that the best constant in $(0.1)$ is achieved if and only if $\lambda>\lambda^*(s,\Omega)$, for some $\lambda^*(s,\Omega)\in\mathbb{R}$. As a by-product, we derive in particular that the best constant in Hardy inequality $\mu_{N,s}(\Omega)$ is achieved if and only if $\mu_{N,s}(\Omega)<\mathfrak{h}_{N,s}$, with $\mathfrak{h}_{N,s}$ being the best constant for the fractional Hardy inequality in the half space. Moreover, if $\Omega$ is a convex open set, we obtain a lower bound for $\lambda^*(s,\Omega)$ in terms of the volume of $\Omega$. Specifically, we prove that $\lambda^*(s,\Omega)\geq a(N,s)|\Omega|^{-\frac{2s}{N}}$ with an explicit constant $a(N,s)>0$. For general bounded $C^{1,1}$ open sets, we prove instead that $\lambda^*(s,\Omega)\geq0$ when $s$ is close to $\frac{1}{2}$. The aforementioned result is proved after showing that $\mu_{N,s}(\Omega)=\mathfrak{h}_{N,s}$ for $s$ close to $\frac{1}{2}$. In particular, we deduce that, whenever $s$ is sufficiently close to $\frac{1}{2}$, the Hardy constant $\mu_{N,s}(\Omega)$ is never achieved, hence, behaves differently from that in the local case. This result is completely new in the fractional setting, and was known only for convex open sets for the full range $s\in(\frac{1}{2}, 1)$.