New constraints on Lagrangian embeddings and the shape invariant

TL;DR

This paper computes the Hamiltonian shape invariant for certain toric domains in 44, revealing constraints on Lagrangian embeddings and demonstrating intersection rigidity versus flexibility in symplectic geometry.

Contribution

It introduces new intersection results for product Lagrangian tori and calculates the Hamiltonian shape invariant for a broad class of toric domains.

Findings

Determines which product Lagrangian tori can be embedded into specific toric domains.

Establishes intersection properties for Hamiltonian images of Lagrangian tori in symplectic polydisks.

Shows that intersection rigidity can be bypassed with certain Lagrangian packings.

Abstract

For a large class of toric domains in $\mathbb{R}^4$ we determine which product Lagrangian tori can be mapped into the domain by a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism. In other words, we compute the Hamiltonian shape invariant of these toric domains, as defined by Hind and Zhang. The argument relies on new intersection results for product Lagrangian tori in symplectic polydisks. For Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms which map certain Lagrangian product tori back into the polydisk, we establish intersections between the images and a one-parameter family of product Lagrangian tori that includes (is based at) the original torus. For symplectic polydisks with area ratios less than two, we strengthen this to establish intersections between the Hamiltonian images and the original Lagrangian torus. As a soft complement to these intersection results we also present an embedding construction which demonstrates that this intersection rigidity vanishes when the one-parameter family of product Lagrangian tori is replaced by a natural packing by Lagrangian tori.