Pulsars and Millisecond Pulsars I: Advancements, Open Questions and finding Gaps via statistical insights

TL;DR

This paper provides a comprehensive statistical analysis of pulsars and millisecond pulsars, highlighting recent advancements, open questions, and the importance of improved models to understand their formation and evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed multiwavelength observational study combined with numerical simulations to explore pulsar properties and identifies key gaps in current theoretical understanding.

Findings

Magnetic field and spin relation insights

Impact of binary interactions on pulsar evolution

Identification of open questions in pulsar physics

Abstract

We present a statistical study of pulsars and millisecond pulsars (MSPs) based on multiwavelength observations in the Galactic Field and Globular Clusters. We examine their emission properties, timing behavior, and spatial distributions, and discuss how theoretical models are required to interpret these observational trends. We focus on the magnetic field spin relation, including spin up through accretion in binaries and spin down driven by magnetic dipole radiation. Using numerical tools such as NBODY6++GPU, CMC, and COMPASS, we explore how dynamical interactions and binary evolution shape the properties of compact objects. Despite major progress, several open questions remain regarding binary interactions, magnetic field evolution, and the incorporation of pulsar physics into large scale simulations. Our analysis highlights the need for improved modeling frameworks to better understand the formation pathways and long term evolution of pulsars and MSPs.