Non-Hermitian physics in the many-body system of Rydberg atoms

TL;DR

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical advances in non-Hermitian physics using Rydberg atoms, highlighting their potential for exploring quantum phase transitions, topological states, and unique dissipation effects in many-body systems.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive summary of how Rydberg atomic systems can realize and control non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and associated phenomena.

Findings

Effective dissipation mechanisms in Rydberg systems influence spectral properties.

Rydberg atoms enable the realization of topological and symmetry-breaking phases.

Deepened understanding of quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian many-body systems.

Abstract

Non-Hermitian physics exhibits unique physical properties beyond those of traditional Hermitian systems, such as symmetry breaking, the emergence of exceptional points, topological phase transitions, and more. These phenomena have been extensively studied across various platforms, including quantum optics, cold atom systems, superconducting circuits, and condensed matter physics. Rydberg atoms, with their long-range interactions and flexible controllability, provide a promising platform for the experimental realization of non-Hermitian physics. This review primarily summarizes the key experimental and theoretical achievements in the field of non-Hermitian physics within Rydberg atomic systems in recent years. It outlines the fundamental construction of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, reveals the effective dissipation mechanisms induced by Rydberg atomic interactions, and discusses their impact on spectral properties and symmetry breaking. These studies not only deepen the understanding of quantum phase transitions in non-Hermitian many-body systems but also highlight the unique value of Rydberg atomic platforms in realizing and controlling topological states.