Performance Evaluation of V2X Communication Using Large-Scale Traffic Data

TL;DR

This study provides a large-scale, real-world data-driven evaluation of V2X communication performance, revealing how traffic conditions affect network metrics and highlighting limitations of synthetic traffic models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel large-scale, real-world traffic dataset-based framework for evaluating V2X performance, moving beyond synthetic simulations.

Findings

V2X communication remains feasible at large scale under realistic traffic.

Traffic density and mobility significantly impact V2X performance metrics.

Synthetic traffic models may overestimate channel congestion.

Abstract

Vehicular communication (V2X) technologies are widely regarded as a cornerstone for cooperative and automated driving, yet their large-scale real-world deployment remains limited. As a result, understanding V2X performance under realistic, full-scale traffic conditions continues to be relevant. Most existing performance evaluations rely on synthetic traffic scenarios generated by simulators, which, while useful, may not fully capture the features of real-world traffic. In this paper, we present a large-scale, data-driven evaluation of V2X communication performance using real-world traffic datasets. Vehicle trajectories derived from the Highway Drone (HighD) and Intersection Drone (InD) datasets are converted into simulation-ready formats and coupled with a standardized V2X networking stack to enable message-level performance analysis for entire traffic populations comprising over hundred thousands vehicles across multiple locations. We evaluate key V2X performance indicators, including inter-generation gap, inter-packet gap, packet delivery ratio, and channel busy ratio, across both highway and urban intersection environments. Our results show that cooperative awareness services remain feasible at scale under realistic traffic conditions. In addition, the findings highlight how traffic density, mobility patterns, and communication range influence V2X performance and how synthetic traffic assumptions may overestimate channel congestion.