Two-photon-excited fluorescence spectroscopy of Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap

TL;DR

This study demonstrates two-photon-excited fluorescence spectroscopy of rubidium atoms in a magneto-optical trap at very low excitation powers, highlighting Rb's potential for sensitive spectral measurements.

Contribution

It presents the first low-power TPEF measurements of Rb atoms in a MOT, showing the feasibility of observing two-photon spectra with minimal photon flux.

Findings

TPEF observed at excitation powers as low as 1 μW.

Rb atoms in a MOT enable low-flux two-photon spectroscopy.

Doppler-broadening effects are negligible due to optical cooling.

Abstract

We report the results of two-photon-excited fluorescence (TPEF) measurements of the $5\mathrm{S}_{1/2} \rightarrow 5\mathrm{D}_{1/2}$ transition of $^{85}$Rb and $^{87}$Rb cooled in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). We observe TPEF at excitation powers as low as 1 $\mu$W or fluxes as low as $4.30 \pm 0.22 \times 10^{18}\ \text{photons}\,\text{cm}^{-2}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ ($^{85}$Rb) and $5.17 \pm 0.26 \times 10^{18}\ \text{photons}\,\text{cm}^{-2}\,\text{s}^{-1}$ ($^{87}$Rb). Our results show that Rb, with additional benefits due to its ability to be optically cooled to the point where Doppler-broadening is negligible, is a promising platform for observing sensitive two-photon spectral signatures at low photon fluxes.