Quantum states of macrosystems and entropy

TL;DR

This paper critically analyzes the concept of entropy in quantum systems, proposing that entropy arises from subquantum processes and is related to the ratio of realizations of macroscopic states over quantum states.

Contribution

It introduces a novel perspective that entropy is the ratio of the logarithm of maximum realizations to quantum state occurrences, emphasizing subquantum processes.

Findings

Entropy is the product of subquantum processes.

Entropy expressed as ratio of realizations to quantum states.

Critique of the traditional logarithmic entropy expression.

Abstract

The paper examines and critiques the expression of entropy as the logarithm of the number of quantum states of a physical system. Boltzmann method of expressing entropy as the logarithm of the number of states of a gas with a given total energy is analyzed. We demonstrate that entropy is the product of subquantum processes and show that entropy is expressed as the ratio of the logarithm of the maximum number of realizations, over the observation period, of a macroscopic system's states with a given total energy, to the number of occurrences of its quantum states over this time.