Metric representations by minimal graphs

TL;DR

This paper investigates the minimal graph structures that realize specific vector sets as metric coordinate representations, characterizes when these are unique, and proves the NP-completeness of the realization problem.

Contribution

It introduces conditions for minimal realizations of vector sets, characterizes uniquely realizable sets, and establishes the NP-completeness of the realization problem.

Findings

Conditions for removing edges while preserving realizability

Characterization of uniquely realizable vector sets

NP-completeness of the realization decision problem

Abstract

A resolving set in a graph $G$ is a vertex subset $W= \{\omega^1, \dots, \omega^n\} \subseteq V(G)$ such that each $u \in V(G)$ can be uniquely identified by the vector $r(u \vert W) = (d(u,\omega^1), \dots, d(u,\omega^n))$ of metric coordinates of $u$ with respect to $W$. The reverse problem of identifying the vector sets that are a set of coordinates of some graph provides the concept of realizable vector set $S \subset \mathbb{Z}^n$ by a pair $(G, W)$ meaning that $S=\{ r(u\vert W)\colon u\in V(G)\}$ with $W$ a resolving set of the graph $G$. Here we focus on the minimality of the realizations of vector sets with respect to their edge sets. On the one hand, we study conditions under which it is possible to remove an edge from the graph and keep the realizability condition. This provides a method for finding minimal realizations, as well as allowing us to characterize uniquely realizable vector sets. On the other hand, we prove that the decision problem of realizing a vector set by a graph with a given number of edges is an NP-complete problem. Finally, we characterize the vector sets that are realizable by a tree and, furthermore, we study the case in which such a realization is the only one.