A Novel Mechanism of Ordering in a Coupled Driven System: Vacancy Induced Phase Separation

TL;DR

This paper investigates how vacancies influence phase separation in a coupled driven system with two particle species and a fluctuating landscape, revealing new ordered phases and phase boundaries.

Contribution

It introduces the concept that vacancies weaken reverse bias, leading to novel phases like VIPS and FPPS, expanding understanding of bias competition in driven systems.

Findings

Vacancies weaken reverse bias, altering phase competition.

Discovery of VIPS and FPPS phases with unique landscape shapes.

Long-range order can exist even when aligned bias is weaker.

Abstract

We study a coupled driven system where two different species of particles, along with some vacancies or holes, move on a landscape whose shape fluctuates with time. The movement of the particles is guided by the local shape of the landscape, and this shape is also affected by the presence of different particle species. When a particle species push the landscape in the same (opposite) direction of its own motion, it is called an aligned (a reverse) bias. Aligned bias promotes ordering while reverse bias destroys it. In absence of vacancies, the system reduces to previously studied LH model with different kinds of ordered and disordered phases which could be explained as a competition or cooperation between aligned bias and reverse bias. This interplay is expected to remain unaffected even when vacancies are present since vacancies do not impart any kind of bias on the landscape. However, we find presence of vacancies effectively weakens the reverse bias and this significantly changes the outcome of the competition between the two bias types. As a result novel ordered phases emerge which were not seen before. We analytically calculate the new phase boundaries within mean field approximation. We show even when aligned bias is weaker than reverse bias, it is possible to find long range order in the system. We discover two new phases where particle species showing weak aligned bias phase separate and the other species with strong reverse bias stays mixed with the vacancies. We call these phases finite current with partial phase separation (FPPS) and vacancy induced phase separation (VIPS). The landscape beneath the phase separated species takes the form of a macroscopic hill or valley in FPPS phase. But in VIPS phase it has the shape like a plateau whose height scales as square root of system size. The landscape in the remaining part of the system is disordered in both these phases.