M$^2$-Miner: Multi-Agent Enhanced MCTS for Mobile GUI Agent Data Mining

TL;DR

This paper introduces M$^2$-Miner, a novel multi-agent framework using MCTS for efficient, low-cost mobile GUI data mining, significantly improving data quality and diversity for training GUI agents.

Contribution

It presents the first automated multi-agent MCTS-based framework for mobile GUI data mining, incorporating strategies for enhanced efficiency, data diversity, and model training.

Findings

Achieves state-of-the-art performance on mobile GUI benchmarks.

Reduces data mining costs and improves data quality.

Enriches intent diversity through intent recycling.

Abstract

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agent is pivotal to advancing intelligent human-computer interaction paradigms. Constructing powerful GUI agents necessitates the large-scale annotation of high-quality user-behavior trajectory data (i.e., intent-trajectory pairs) for training. However, manual annotation methods and current GUI agent data mining approaches typically face three critical challenges: high construction cost, poor data quality, and low data richness. To address these issues, we propose M$^2$-Miner, the first low-cost and automated mobile GUI agent data-mining framework based on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS). For better data mining efficiency and quality, we present a collaborative multi-agent framework, comprising InferAgent, OrchestraAgent, and JudgeAgent for guidance, acceleration, and evaluation. To further enhance the efficiency of mining and enrich intent diversity, we design an intent recycling strategy to extract extra valuable interaction trajectories. Additionally, a progressive model-in-the-loop training strategy is introduced to improve the success rate of data mining. Extensive experiments have demonstrated that the GUI agent fine-tuned using our mined data achieves state-of-the-art performance on several commonly used mobile GUI benchmarks. Our work will be released to facilitate the community research.