On complex structures and uniqueness of algebra norms in Banach spaces

TL;DR

This paper investigates the structure of algebra norms in Banach spaces, extending previous results, and demonstrates that certain operator quotient algebras are incomplete and not *-isomorphic to C*-algebras, revealing multiple inequivalent norms.

Contribution

It extends results on complex structures in Banach spaces and proves the incompleteness and non-* isomorphism of specific operator quotient algebras, answering longstanding questions.

Findings

hieved a lower bound for the algebra norm difference involving complex structures.

Proved that the algebra L(Z_2)/S(Z_2) is not complete under the algebra norm .

Established that L(Z_2)/S(Z_2) is not *-isomorphic to a C*-algebra, admitting multiple inequivalent *-algebra norms.

Abstract

For $X$ an infinite dimensional Banach space, we contribute to the study of the Banach algebra $L(X)/S(X)$, where $S(X)$ is the ideal of strictly singular operators. We extend results of Ferenczi-Galego (2007) by proving that $\|I-J\|_S \geq 2$, whenever $I$ is a complex structure on a real space $X$ and $J$ extends a complex structure on a hyperplane of $X$, and where $\|.\|_S$ denotes a certain algebra norm on $L(X)/S(X)$ dominated by the usual quotient norm $\|.\|$. We solve two questions of Kalton-Swanson (1982) by proving that if $X=Z_2$ the Kalton-Peck space, then $L(Z_2)/S(Z_2)$ a) is not complete for $\|.\|_S$ and b) that it is not *-isomorphic to a $C^*$-algebra for $\|.\|$. In particular $L(Z_2)/S(Z_2)$ admits two inequivalent *-algebra norms.