Gust Estimation and Rejection with a Disturbance Observer for Proprioceptive Underwater Soft Morphing Wings

TL;DR

This paper introduces a soft morphing wing with proprioceptive sensing and a disturbance observer to estimate and reject hydrodynamic disturbances, enhancing underwater vehicle stability in turbulent conditions.

Contribution

It presents a novel biologically inspired approach combining soft wing deformation sensing with disturbance estimation for improved underwater vehicle control.

Findings

Accurate disturbance estimation using curvature-based proprioceptive sensing.

Effective disturbance rejection in lift response demonstrated experimentally.

Dynamic model validation of hydraulically actuated soft wing.

Abstract

Unmanned underwater vehicles are increasingly employed for maintenance and surveying tasks at sea, but their operation in shallow waters is often hindered by hydrodynamic disturbances such as waves, currents, and turbulence. These unsteady flows can induce rapid changes in direction and speed, compromising vehicle stability and manoeuvrability. Marine organisms contend with such conditions by combining proprioceptive feedback with flexible fins and tails to reject disturbances. Inspired by this strategy, we propose soft morphing wings endowed with proprioceptive sensing to mitigate environmental perturbations. The wing's continuous deformation provides a natural means to infer dynamic disturbances: sudden changes in camber directly reflect variations in the oncoming flow. By interpreting this proprioceptive signal, a disturbance observer can reconstruct flow parameters in real time. To enable this, we develop and experimentally validate a dynamic model of a hydraulically actuated soft wing with controllable camber. We then show that curvature-based sensing allows accurate estimation of disturbances in the angle of attack. Finally, we demonstrate that a controller leveraging these proprioceptive estimates can reject disturbances in the lift response of the soft wing. By combining proprioceptive sensing with a disturbance observer, this technique mirrors biological strategies and provides a pathway for soft underwater vehicles to maintain stability in hazardous environments.