ExoDNN: Boosting exoplanet detection with artificial intelligence. Application to Gaia Data Release 3

TL;DR

This paper introduces ExoDNN, a deep learning model that leverages Gaia DR3 data to identify stars likely hosting unresolved exoplanet companions, enhancing detection capabilities beyond traditional methods.

Contribution

The paper presents a novel AI-based approach, ExoDNN, for predicting exoplanet host stars using Gaia DR3 data, expanding detection in poorly constrained orbital regions.

Findings

Identified 7414 candidate stars with potential companions.

Candidates have similar properties to known non-single stars.

Proposed follow-up strategies for promising candidates.

Abstract

We combine Gaia Data Release 3 and artificial intelligence to enhance the current statistics of substellar companions, particularly within regions of the orbital period vs. mass parameter space that remain poorly constrained by the radial velocity and transit detection methods. Using supervised learning, we train a deep neural network to recognise the characteristic distribution of the fit quality statistics corresponding to a Gaia DR3 astrometric solution for a non single star. We generate a deep learning model, ExoDNN, which predicts the probability of a DR3 source to host unresolved companions based on those fit quality statistics. Applying the predictive capability of ExoDNN to a volume limited sample of F,G,K and M stars from Gaia DR3, we have produced a list of 7414 candidate stars hosting companions. The stellar properties of these candidates, such as their mass and metallicity, are similar to those of the Gaia DR3 non single star sample. We also identify synergies with future observatories, such as PLATO, and we propose a follow up strategy with the intention of investigating the most promising candidates among those samples.