Flow-induced bending response rheometer to measure viscoelastic bending of microrods

TL;DR

The paper introduces a flow-induced bending response rheometer that measures viscoelastic properties of microscale fibers using flow in a capillary, enabling characterization of hydrated soft materials.

Contribution

A novel rheometer method that uses flow in a capillary to determine the viscoelastic and bending properties of small, hydrated fibers and rods.

Findings

Successfully measured properties of fibers from 5 to 300 microns in diameter.

Determined elastic moduli ranging from 100 Pa to over 100 MPa.

Demonstrated applicability to natural and synthetic hydrated materials.

Abstract

Soft, microscale hydrogel fibers and rods play important roles in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, soft robotics, drug delivery, sensors, and other applications. Their viscoelastic mechanical properties, while critical for their function, can be challenging to characterize. We present a flow-induced bending response (FIBR) rheometer that quantifies the bending modulus and viscoelastic properties of small, hydrated fibers and rods using flow through a glass capillary. The fiber is positioned across the capillary entrance, and pressure-driven, controlled inflow of water exerts a quantifiable force on the sample. Fiber deflection is determined by video microscopy obtained simultaneously with measurements of flow rate. We develop an analytical model to resolve the hydrodynamic forces applied to the rod, and use Euler-Bernoulli beam theory to determine its material properties. Using a constant volume flow rate of water enables measurement of steady rod deflection, and thus the bending modulus. Application of viscous forces to the rod in a stepwise, cyclic or oscillatory manner enables measurement of time-dependent responses, creep recovery, viscoelastic moduli, and other properties. We demonstrate the versatility of this technique on natural and synthetic materials spanning diameters from 5 to 300 microns and elastic moduli ranging from 100 Pa to >100 MPa. Because the technique uses water to exert forces on the fiber, it works particularly well for hydrated materials, such as hydrogels and biological fibers, providing a versatile platform to characterize microscale mechanical properties of elongated structures.