Optimal Sizing of Charging Energy Hubs for Heavy-Duty Electric Transport through Co-Optimization

TL;DR

This paper introduces a co-optimization model for the optimal sizing of Charging Energy Hubs, integrating infrastructure and operational decisions to support heavy-duty electric transport while minimizing costs and grid impacts.

Contribution

It presents a novel mixed-integer linear programming approach for jointly optimizing the design and operation of Charging Energy Hubs, considering renewable integration and storage.

Findings

Effective cost reduction demonstrated in case study

Scalable and grid-compliant CEH planning achieved

Joint optimization improves infrastructure and operational efficiency

Abstract

Electrification of heavy-duty vehicles places substantial stress on distribution grids, and Charging Energy Hubs (CEHs) mitigate these impacts by integrating charging infrastructure with renewable energy sources and battery storage. Optimal sizing of CEH components is therefore a critical investment decision, yet challenging because design choices depend strongly on operational dynamics. This work presents a mixed-integer linear programming model for the optimal sizing of CEH components, using a co-design approach that jointly optimizes component sizing and operational decisions. A case study for a heavy-duty fleet demonstrates the effectiveness of the method for cost-efficient, scalable, and grid-compliant CEH planning.