Arbitrary harmonic functions as Bose--Einstein condensates

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how specific boundary conditions in an ideal Bose gas can lead to the formation of multiple condensates, each described by harmonic functions, in the thermodynamic limit.

Contribution

It introduces a method to induce arbitrary harmonic-function-based condensates via boundary conditions in Bose gases, expanding understanding of condensate formation.

Findings

Multiple condensates can be realized through boundary conditions.

Harmonic functions describe the condensate states.

The approach applies in the thermodynamic limit.

Abstract

We show that a suitable choice of boundary conditions for the Laplacian allows for the appearance of an an arbitrary number of condensates, described by arbitrary harmonic functions, in the thermodynamic limit of an ideal Bose gas.