RedSage: A Cybersecurity Generalist LLM

TL;DR

RedSage is an open-source cybersecurity-focused LLM trained with domain-specific data and agentic augmentation, demonstrating improved performance on cybersecurity benchmarks and general reasoning tasks.

Contribution

The paper introduces RedSage, a cybersecurity domain-adapted LLM trained with a novel augmentation pipeline and benchmark, advancing open-source cybersecurity AI capabilities.

Findings

RedSage outperforms baseline models on cybersecurity benchmarks by up to +5.59 points.

Domain-aware pretraining improves general reasoning and instruction-following.

RedSage is publicly available for deployment and further research.

Abstract

Cybersecurity operations demand assistant LLMs that support diverse workflows without exposing sensitive data. Existing solutions either rely on proprietary APIs with privacy risks or on open models lacking domain adaptation. To bridge this gap, we curate 11.8B tokens of cybersecurity-focused continual pretraining data via large-scale web filtering and manual collection of high-quality resources, spanning 28.6K documents across frameworks, offensive techniques, and security tools. Building on this, we design an agentic augmentation pipeline that simulates expert workflows to generate 266K multi-turn cybersecurity samples for supervised fine-tuning. Combined with general open-source LLM data, these resources enable the training of RedSage, an open-source, locally deployable cybersecurity assistant with domain-aware pretraining and post-training. To rigorously evaluate the models, we introduce RedSage-Bench, a benchmark with 30K multiple-choice and 240 open-ended Q&A items covering cybersecurity knowledge, skills, and tool expertise. RedSage is further evaluated on established cybersecurity benchmarks (e.g., CTI-Bench, CyberMetric, SECURE) and general LLM benchmarks to assess broader generalization. At the 8B scale, RedSage achieves consistently better results, surpassing the baseline models by up to +5.59 points on cybersecurity benchmarks and +5.05 points on Open LLM Leaderboard tasks. These findings demonstrate that domain-aware agentic augmentation and pre/post-training can not only enhance cybersecurity-specific expertise but also help to improve general reasoning and instruction-following. All models, datasets, and code are publicly available.