Exploring the properties of the Hadronic Phase in Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC Energies via Partial Chemical Equilibrium

TL;DR

This study uses the HRG-PCE model to analyze heavy-ion collision data at RHIC energies, revealing the sequential freeze-out process and the role of baryon annihilation in the hadronic phase.

Contribution

It introduces a method to extract freeze-out temperatures without assuming radial flow profiles, and estimates baryon annihilation freeze-out temperature from experimental data.

Findings

Baryon annihilation freeze-out occurs between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs.

Inelastic hadronic interactions significantly affect hadron abundances.

The analysis provides a consistent picture of the sequential decoupling process.

Abstract

The hadronic phase in heavy-ion collisions plays a crucial role in shaping the final-state hadron abundances. In this work, we study Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}$ = 7.7-200 GeV using the Hadron Resonance Gas model in Partial Chemical Equilibrium (HRG-PCE). By fitting the yields of stable hadrons and short-lived resonances such as K$^*(892)^0$, we extract both chemical and kinetic freeze-out temperatures as functions of center-of-mass energy and centrality. The analysis, performed using the Thermal-FIST package, avoids assumptions about radial flow profile or freeze-out hypersurfaces. Furthermore, we estimate the baryon annihilation freeze-out temperature from the experimentally measured $\bar{\rm p}/$p ratio, using the HRG-PCE framework extended to include $B\bar{B} \leftrightarrow n\pi$ reactions. The inferred annihilation freeze-out temperature lies between the chemical and kinetic freeze-out temperatures, suggesting that baryon annihilation remains active in the early hadronic phase but ceases prior to kinetic freeze-out. These results provide a consistent picture of the sequential decoupling of hadronic processes and demonstrate that inelastic hadronic interactions significantly influence the chemical composition of the system between chemical and kinetic freeze-outs at RHIC energies.