Optically Addressable Molecular Spins at 2D Surfaces

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a hybrid molecular-2D surface architecture that hosts optically addressable quantum spins with long coherence times at room temperature, enabling scalable quantum sensing beyond traditional solid-state platforms.

Contribution

It introduces a novel molecular-2D hybrid system with stable, optically addressable spins directly on the surface, achieving long coherence times and room-temperature operation.

Findings

Spin coherence time exceeds 3.4 microseconds at 4K

Deuteration improves T2 by over 10-fold

Proximal spins detected at room temperature

Abstract

Optically addressable spins at material surfaces have represented a long-standing ambition in quantum sensing, providing atomic resolution and quantum-limited sensitivity. However, they are constrained by a finite depth at which the quantum spins can be stabilized. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid molecular-2D architecture that realizes quantum spin sensors directly on top of the surface. By anchoring spin-active molecules onto hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), we eliminate the depth of the quantum sensor while also exhibiting robust spin properties from 4~K to room temperature (RT). The Hahn-echo spin coherence time exceeds \(T_2 = 3.4~\upmu\text{s}\) at 4~K, outperforming values in bulk organic crystals and overturning the prevailing expectation that spin inevitably deteriorates upon approaching the surface. By chemically tuning the molecule through deuteration, \(T_2\) improves by more than 10-fold, and under dynamic decoupling, coherence is prolonged to the intrinsic lifetime limit, exceeding 300~\(\upmu\text{s}\). Proximal proton spins and the magnetic response of two-dimensional magnets beneath the hBN layer have been detected at RT. These molecular spins form surface quantum sensors with long coherence, optical addressability, and interfacial versatility, enabling a scalable, adaptable architecture beyond what conventional solid-state platforms offer.