Thermal Gauge Theory for a Rotating Plasma

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive framework for thermal gauge theories in rotating plasmas, extending previous work to all gauge theories with arbitrary matter content and including angular momentum and chemical potentials.

Contribution

It introduces path-integral methods for ensemble averages and Green's functions in all gauge theories, incorporating rotation and chemical potentials, with generalized KMS conditions and model-independent results.

Findings

Thermal propagators are affected by angular momentum and chemical potentials.

Vertices remain unchanged in perturbation theory despite rotation.

Methods apply to any gauge theory with arbitrary matter content.

Abstract

This paper provides a systematic and complete study of thermal gauge theory for generic equilibrium density matrices, which feature arbitrary values not only of temperature and chemical potentials, but also of average angular momentum. This work extends previous studies, which focused on pure scalar-fermion theories, to all gauge theories coupled to an arbitrary matter sector. Path-integral methods are developed to study ensemble averages and thermal Green's functions of general operators, with an arbitrary number of points, in all interacting gauge theories. These methods cover both the real-time and imaginary-time formalisms. Generalized Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) conditions are obtained both in coordinate and in momentum space for operators in general representations of the Lorentz and internal symmetry group. This allows us to obtain all thermal propagators including those of gauge fields and Faddeev-Popov ghosts. By analyzing all interactions in detail, it is shown that, in perturbation theory, only the propagators are affected by the average angular momentum and the chemical potentials, the vertices remain unmodified. The paper presents fully model-independent results and can, therefore, be applied to any specific thermal field theory.