First observation of multi-phonon $\gamma$-vibrations in an odd-odd nuclear system

TL;DR

This paper reports the first experimental observation of multi-phonon gamma-vibrations in an odd-odd neutron-rich nucleus, supported by theoretical calculations, revealing complex shape coexistence and vibrational phenomena in nuclear structure.

Contribution

It provides the first identification of multi-phonon gamma-vibrational bands in an odd-odd nucleus, combining experimental data with theoretical modeling to explore shape coexistence.

Findings

Observation of multi-phonon gamma-vibrational bands in $^{104}$Nb.

Good agreement between experimental data and Triaxial Projected Shell Model calculations.

Evidence for shape coexistence and vibrational excitations in odd-odd nuclei.

Abstract

The identification of the first multi-phonon $\gamma$-vibrational bands in an odd-odd neutron-rich nucleus of the nuclear chart is presented. These high spin structures of hard to access $^{104}_{41}$Nb$_{63}$, produced in fission, were studied by combining a spectrometer with isotopic resolution coupled to a $\gamma$-ray tracking array and independently high-fold $\gamma$ coincidence measurements. Triaxial Projected Shell Model calculations for the high-spin states are in good agreement with the measured observables for the yrast, one-phonon and two-phonon $\gamma$ bands. The possibility of an oblate shape of an isomeric state and coexistence of triaxial and oblate configurations are investigated from the decay of the 141 keV isomer. The present work illustrates the robustness of vibration excitations in the presence of odd valence proton and neutron as well as the possibly coexisting shapes beyond the $N=60$ transitional region.