Hybrid integrated narrow linewidth laser with external distributed optical feedback from a silicon strip waveguide

TL;DR

This paper presents a hybrid integrated laser with enhanced distributed optical feedback using silicon waveguides, achieving ultra-narrow linewidth and high side-mode suppression, advancing integrated laser technology.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel integrated scheme that exploits surface radiation in silicon waveguides for distributed feedback, significantly improving linewidth narrowing without wavelength dependence.

Findings

Achieved an intrinsic linewidth of 1.52 kHz.

Distributed optical feedback is 34.72 dB higher than in single-mode fiber.

Linewidth narrowing ratio remains stable across a 2.342 nm tuning range.

Abstract

External optical feedback via Rayleigh scattering from an integrated microresonator or an optical fiber has been demonstrated to significantly narrow the intrinsic linewidth of semiconductor lasers. Wavelength matching between the lasing cavity and the external high-Q microresonator is required to accumulate Rayleigh scattering based optical feedback. Optical fiber can provide Rayleigh scattering based optical feedback for any lasing wavelength. However, optical fibers hundreds of meters or even kilometers long are required for the accumulation of Rayleigh scattering based optical feedback, hindering the integration of narrow linewidth lasers. Here, we present an integrated scheme that collects distributed feedback signal with weak wavelength dependence by exploiting surface radiation in a silicon waveguide. The effects of waveguide width on the intensities of the surface radiation and distributed optical feedback signal are first numerically analyzed by introducing a collection coefficient. Numerical calculations show that a 1 {\mu}m-wide strip waveguide yields optimal performance for excitation and collection of distributed optical feedback, which is also experimentally verified by measuring the feedback signal with an optical frequency-domain reflectometry. Benefitting from the enhanced distributed optical feedback that is 34.72 dB higher than that in a single-mode fiber, the hybrid integrated laser demonstrates an intrinsic linewidth of 1.52 kHz, a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 74.71 dB, and a frequency noise of 24.44 Hz2/Hz. Furthermore, within a maximum allowable wavelength tuning range of 2.342 nm, the linewidth narrowing ratio depends little on the wavelength for all the waveguides with different widths.