Non-Enzymatic Glucose sensing properties of NiO nanostructured flower decorated Exfoliated Graphite Electrodes

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that NiO nanoflower-decorated Exfoliated Graphite electrodes can effectively detect glucose non-enzymatically with high sensitivity, selectivity, and a wide detection range, improving electrochemical sensor performance.

Contribution

It introduces a novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor using NiO nanoflowers on Exfoliated Graphite electrodes, enhancing sensitivity and detection range over traditional GCE-based sensors.

Findings

Sensitivity of 304.12 μA/mM/cm²

LOD of 100 μM for glucose detection

High selectivity against interfering species

Abstract

Nanostructured transition metal oxides (TMO) are extensively explored materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. TMOs such as Iron oxides( {\alpha}-Fe2O3, {\gamma}-Fe2O3, Fe3O4, etc.), NiO, CuO, Cr2O3, etc. have been utilized as electrocatalysts for glucose determination. Tremendous efforts have been put into identifying the impact of different morphologies of these materials on the glucose-sensing performance. The larger surface area of the flower and wire-shaped catalysts make them better performing amongst other morphologies. Interestingly, it is important to note that most of such studies are on standard Glassy Carbon electrodes. Further to enhance the Electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the electrode, Carbon nanomaterials such as reduced Graphene Oxide (r-GO) and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) are used as additives. Exfoliated Graphite paper electrodes offer better electrochemical characteristics than GCE electrodes due to their much larger ECSA. This study presents the non-enzymatic glucose sensing properties of NiO nanoflower-decorated Exfoliated Graphite electrodes. The amperometric detection of glucose shows a linear increase in current over a physiologically relevant wide range of 0-10 mM. The electrodes offer a better sensitivity of 304.12 microA per mM per cm square and a Limit Of Detection (LOD) of 100 microM. In addition, the electrodes showed high selectivity towards glucose in the presence of other interfering species such as Ascorbic acid, Fructose, Sucrose, and NaCl.