Co-Designing Digital Humans for Online Learning: A Framework for Human-AI Pedagogical Integration

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for integrating digital humans as AI-powered teachers in online education, combining design analysis, user preferences, and expert workshops to guide effective implementation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel framework for the human-AI pedagogical integration in online learning, based on multidisciplinary analysis and co-design workshops.

Findings

Guidelines for when, what, and how to deploy digital teachers

Insights into learner preferences and practices

Design principles for engaging and equitable digital education environments

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) are reshaping education, with virtual avatars emerging as digital teachers capable of enhancing engagement, sustaining attention, and addressing instructor shortages. Aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for equitable quality education, these technologies hold promise yet lack clear guidelines for effective design and implementation in online learning. To fill this gap, we introduce a framework specifying when, what, and how digital teachers should be integrated. Our study combines (1) a design space analysis of 87 works across AI, educational technology, design, and HCI, (2) a survey of 132 learners' practices and preferences, and (3) three co-design workshops with 18 experts from pedagogy, design, and AI. It provides actionable guidance for educators, designers, and HCI researchers, advancing opportunities to build more engaging, equitable, and effective online learning environments powered by digital teachers.