Thermodynamic geometry in hadron resonance gas model at real and imaginary baryon chemical potential and a simple sufficient condition for quark deconfinement

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamic geometry of the hadron resonance gas model at real and imaginary baryon chemical potentials, identifying phase structures and proposing a simple criterion for quark deconfinement based on baryon density.

Contribution

It introduces a novel analysis of the phase structure using scalar curvature and proposes a simple sufficient condition for quark deconfinement in the large real mu region.

Findings

The R=0 criterion helps identify phase boundaries.

Rich phase structures are found with excluded volume effects.

A simple condition n_B>1/(2v_B) indicates quark deconfinement.

Abstract

The thermodynamic geometry of the hadron resonance gas model with (without) excluded volume effects (EVE) of baryons is investigated. The case with imaginary mu, where mu is the baryon chemical potential, is investigated as well as the one with real mu. We calculate the scalar curvature R and use the R=0 criterion to investigate the phase structure in the mu^2-T plane where T is the temperature. The curve on which R=0 continues analytically from the imaginary mu region, where the lattice QCD is feasible, to the real mu one. In the presence of EVE, there are rich phase structures in the large real mu region as well as the Roberge-Weiss like region where mu is imaginary and a singularity appears, while there is no phase structure in the large real $\mu$ region in the absence of EVE. The limitation temperature of the baryon gas is also obtained by using the baryon number fluctuation. The LQCD predicted critical point locates almost on the curve of the limitation temperature we determined. A simple empiric sufficient condition, n_B>1/(2v_B)$, is obtained for the quark deconfinement in the large real mu region, where n_B and v_B are the net baryon number density and the volume of a baryon, respectively.