Load Balanced ISAC Systems for URLLC Users

TL;DR

This paper introduces a load-balancing algorithm for energy-efficient CF-mMIMO ISAC networks serving URLLC users, reducing power consumption by 33% while maintaining QoS for communication and sensing.

Contribution

It proposes a novel joint power allocation and load balancing algorithm for CF-mMIMO ISAC systems that optimizes power use without sacrificing system performance.

Findings

33% reduction in power consumption with JPALB algorithm

Maintains QoS for URLLC users and target detection

Effective load balancing improves energy efficiency

Abstract

This paper presents an energy-efficient downlink cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network that serves ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) users while simultaneously detecting a target. We propose a load-balancing algorithm that minimizes the total network power consumption; including transmit power, fixed static power, and traffic-dependent fronthaul power at the access points (APs) without degrading system performance. To this end, we formulate a mixed-integer non-convex optimization problem and introduce an iterative joint power allocation and AP load balancing (JPALB) algorithm. The algorithm aims to reduce total power usage while meeting both the communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements of URLLC users and the sensing QoS needed for target detection. Proposed JPALB algorithm for ISAC systems was simulated with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoders. Simulation results show approximately 33% reduction in power consumption, using JPALB algorithm compared to a baseline with no load balancing, without compromising communication and sensing QoS requirements.