Search for the reaction channel $e^+ e^- \to \eta\eta\,J/\psi$ and the isospin partner of the $Z_c(3900)$ at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 4.226-4.950$ GeV

TL;DR

This study searches for the $e^+ e^- o ext{eta eta} J/ ext{psi}$ reaction at energies 4.226-4.950 GeV, finding limited evidence and setting upper limits, which also constrain the existence of an isospin partner to $Z_c(3900)$.

Contribution

First search for the $e^+ e^- o ext{eta eta} J/ ext{psi}$ channel across a wide energy range, providing upper limits and insights into potential isospin partners of $Z_c(3900)$.

Findings

Significant observation at 4.750 GeV with 8.9σ (exclusive) and 3.4σ (semi-inclusive)

Energy dependence deviates from three-body phase space expectations

Upper limits constrain the existence of an isospin partner to $Z_c(3900)$

Abstract

We search for the reaction channel $e^+ e^- \to \eta\eta\,J/\psi$ in a data sample with center-of-mass energies from 4.226 to 4.950~GeV, which was collected by the BESIII detector operating at the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPCII). The data analysis is performed with two different methods, exclusively and semi-inclusively, which enabling a comparison and combination of the results. Only in a few cases a statistical significance of the cross sections with more than $3\sigma$ is observed with one of the methods. Only at 4.750~GeV the significance of the cross section measurement is 8.9$\sigma$ (observation) with the exclusive analysis and 3.4$\sigma$ (evidence) with the semi-inclusive analysis. Therefore, the corresponding upper limits of the cross section at the 90% confidence level are determined. The energy dependent results show clear deviations from the the line shape expected from three-body phase space alone. Since the statistical significance for almost all center-of-mass energies is low, the upper limits for the reaction channel $e^+ e^- \to \eta\eta\,J/\psi$ also serve as limits for the existence of a possible isospin partner to the charmonium-like isospin triplet $Z_{\rm c}(3900)$ which decays to $J/\psi \eta$.