Blockchain-Based Spectrum Resource Securitization via Semi-Fungible Token-Lock

TL;DR

This paper introduces the SFT Lock mechanism for blockchain-based spectrum securitization, enabling efficient, traceable fractional ownership transfer with reduced on-chain operations, suitable for 6G networks.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel lock/unlock mechanism that preserves NFT identity during spectrum asset transfers, reducing on-chain overhead compared to existing models.

Findings

Significant gas savings demonstrated in experiments

Maintains NFT identity and traceability during transfers

Supports spectrum authorization and sharing effectively

Abstract

As 6G networks evolve, spectrum assets require flexible, dynamic, and efficient utilization, motivating blockchain based spectrum securitization. Existing approaches based on ERC404 style hybrid token models rely on frequent minting and burning during asset transfers, which disrupt token identity continuity and increase on chain overhead. This paper proposes the Semi Fungible Token Lock (SFT Lock) method, a lock/unlock based mechanism that preserves NFT identity and historical traceability while enabling fractional ownership and transferability. By replacing mint/burn operations with deterministic state transitions, SFT Lock ensures consistent lifecycle representation of spectrum assets and significantly reduces on chain operations. Based on this mechanism, a modular smart contract architecture is designed to support spectrum authorization, securitization, and sharing, and a staking mechanism is introduced to enhance asset liquidity. Experimental results on a private Ethereum network demonstrate that, compared with ERC404 style hybrid token models, the proposed method achieves substantial gas savings while maintaining functional correctness and traceability.