Significance of the dispersion force for ferroelectric switching in ZnO and related materials

TL;DR

This study investigates how dispersion forces influence ferroelectric switching in ZnO and related materials, revealing that accurate dispersion modeling is crucial for understanding polarization behavior in these systems.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive analysis of the role of dispersion interactions in stabilizing intermediate phases during ferroelectric switching in ZnO-based materials, using multiple advanced computational methods.

Findings

Dispersion interactions are critical for modeling ferroelectric switching.

h-ZnO's stability is heavily influenced by dispersion corrections.

h-Zn0.5Mg0.5O is predicted to be metastable, with some methods suggesting greater stability than wurtzite.

Abstract

Wurtzite-ZnO is a wide-bandgap polar material with a ferroelectric-switching barrier that is too high to utilize, but the barrier can be reduced and switching observed in substituted materials such as Zn0.5Mg0.5O. Here, we seek to understand atomic-scale features that control concerted polarization switching in these and related systems, focusing on the planar hexagonal structures h-ZnO and Zn0.5Mg0.5O that may act as metastable intermediate phases along the switching pathway. Consensus is obtained by considering a range of pure and dispersion-corrected density-functional theory (DFT) computational approaches, as well as ab initio Hartree-Fock (HF), M{\o}ller-Plesset perturbation-theory (MP2), and random-phase approximation (RPA) calculations. The perceived stability of h-ZnO is found to be strongly influenced by the dispersion correction, with the consensus being that dispersion interactions are insufficient to stabilize h-ZnO as a metastable phase in infinite crystals. In contrast, h-Zn0.5Mg0.5O is consistently predicted to be at least metastable, with some dispersion-corrected DFT approaches predicting it to be more stable than its wurtzite form; all DFT methods overestimate its stability compared to MP2 and RPA. Dispersion forces are found to be most significant for hypothetical planar hexagonal structures constrained to the lattice vectors of the wurtzite phases. In general, our results demonstrate that an accurate treatment of dispersion forces is essential when describing polarization switching and ferroelectric behavior in wurtzite-structured materials.