How Threshold Effects in Spectroscopic Factors Influence Heavy-Ion Knockout Reactions

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that including continuum coupling effects via the Gamow shell model improves the accuracy of spectroscopic factor predictions, resolving longstanding discrepancies in heavy-ion knockout reaction analyses, especially near the nuclear dripline.

Contribution

The study introduces the use of the Gamow shell model to incorporate continuum effects in spectroscopic factor calculations, significantly reducing theoretical-experimental discrepancies.

Findings

GSM-derived SFs reduce the reduction factor $R_s$ discrepancies.

Inclusion of continuum coupling diminishes $R_s$ dependence on $ riangle S$.

GSM SFs show strong sensitivity to threshold effects in weakly bound nuclei.

Abstract

A two-decade-old puzzle in heavy-ion one-nucleon knockout reactions is the strong correlation between the reduction factor $R_s=\sigma_{\rm exp}/\sigma_{\rm th}$ and the Fermi surface asymmetry $\Delta S$. Theoretical cross sections typically rely on spectroscopic factors (SFs) from shell model (SM) calculations, which neglect continuum coupling effects. Here, we employ the Gamow shell model (GSM), which explicitly incorporates continuum coupling, to compute SFs for $p$-shell nuclei and predict corresponding theoretical cross sections. Systematic calculations demonstrate that using GSM-derived SFs substantially reduces discrepancies between theoretical and experimental results. This improvement is particularly significant for deeply bound nucleon knockout in nuclei near the dripline, where traditional SM-based calculations fall short. As a result, using GSM SFs, the ratio $R_s$ exhibits no pronounced dependence on $\Delta S$. Furthermore, both the ratio of GSM SFs to SM SFs and their corresponding reaction cross sections ratios exhibit a strong $\Delta S$ dependence. We have also compared GSM SFs and cross sections with those from the no-core shell model calculations, giving a similar pronounced sensitivity to $\Delta S$. Detailed analysis attributes these correlations to threshold effects for SFs in weakly bound systems. Overall, incorporating continuum coupling via GSM enhances the reliability of SF predictions for exotic, weakly bound nuclei and provides key insights toward resolving the enduring puzzle in heavy-ion knockout reactions from a nuclear structure perspective.