RoboBrain 2.5: Depth in Sight, Time in Mind

TL;DR

RoboBrain 2.5 advances embodied AI by integrating depth-aware spatial reasoning and dense temporal modeling, enabling more precise 3D manipulation and step-aware progress prediction for complex tasks.

Contribution

It introduces depth-aware 3D spatial reasoning and dense temporal value estimation, significantly enhancing embodied AI capabilities over previous models.

Findings

Achieved precise 3D manipulation trace generation.

Enabled stable, step-aware progress prediction.

Extended physical grounding and execution understanding.

Abstract

We introduce RoboBrain 2.5, a next-generation embodied AI foundation model that advances general perception, spatial reasoning, and temporal modeling through extensive training on high-quality spatiotemporal supervision. Building upon its predecessor, RoboBrain 2.5 introduces two major capability upgrades. Specifically, it unlocks Precise 3D Spatial Reasoning by shifting from 2D pixel-relative grounding to depth-aware coordinate prediction and absolute metric constraint comprehension, generating complete 3D manipulation traces as ordered keypoint sequences under physical constraints. Complementing this spatial precision, the model establishes Dense Temporal Value Estimation that provides dense, step-aware progress prediction and execution state understanding across varying viewpoints, producing stable feedback signals for downstream learning. Together, these upgrades extend the framework toward more physically grounded and execution-aware embodied intelligence for complex, fine-grained manipulation. The code and checkpoints are available at project website: https://superrobobrain.github.io