Plasma-Enhanced Germination in North Indian Wheat

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that plasma treatments, including dielectric barrier discharge and plasma activated water, significantly improve germination, growth, and yield in North Indian wheat varieties, offering a sustainable agricultural technology.

Contribution

It introduces plasma-based seed treatment methods as eco-friendly alternatives to chemical treatments for enhancing wheat productivity.

Findings

Significant improvements in seed wettability and germination index.

Enhanced root, shoot, and spike growth with plasma treatments.

Optimal results with 3 min DBD and 15 min PAW treatments.

Abstract

The application of nonthermal plasma in agriculture has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly method to enhance seed vigor, germination, and crop productivity. This study investigates the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment on five popular bread wheat varieties of North India, WH 1142, HI 1544, GW 366, GW 322, and GW 273. Direct dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma exposure and plasma activated water irrigation were tested. Results indicated significant improvements in seed wettability, germination index, root and shoot growth, spike length, and grain yield compared to controls. Among treatments, 3 min DBD exposure and 15 min PAW irrigation consistently produced the best results, with variety specific differences in vigor and yield. These findings demonstrate the potential of plasma seed treatment as a chemical free technology to enhance productivity in wheat, contributing to sustainable agriculture in India.