Quantum simulation of general spin-1/2 Hamiltonians with parity-violating fermionic Gaussian states

TL;DR

This paper presents a new fermionic mean-field theory, PV-FMFT, that efficiently simulates the dynamics of general spin-1/2 Hamiltonians, including non-interacting and quenched systems, with potential applications in benchmarking quantum simulations.

Contribution

It introduces PV-FMFT equations of motion for general spin-1/2 Hamiltonians, extending previous methods to include parity-violating states and enabling efficient real- and imaginary-time evolution simulations.

Findings

PV-FMFT can exactly simulate non-interacting spin-1/2 Hamiltonian dynamics.

It accurately captures post-quench dynamics of 1D and 2D Ising models.

The method scales as O(N^3) for systems of N spins or fermionic modes.

Abstract

We introduce equations of motion for a parity-violating fermionic mean-field theory (PV-FMFT): a numerically efficient fermionic mean-field theory based on parity-violating fermionic Gaussian states (PV-FGS). This work provides explicit equations of motion for studying the real- and imaginary-time evolution of spin-1/2 Hamiltonians with arbitrary geometries and interactions. We extend previous formulations of parity-preserving fermionic mean-field theory (PP-FMFT) by including fermionic displacement operators in the variational Ansatz. Unlike PP-FMFT, PV-FMFT can be applied to general spin-1/2 Hamiltonians, describe quenches from arbitrary initial spin-1/2 product states, and compute local and non-local observables in a straight-forward manner at the same modest computational cost as PP-FMFT -- scaling as $O(N^3)$ in the worst case for a system of $N$ spins or fermionic modes. We demonstrate that PV-FMFT can exactly capture the imaginary- and real-time dynamics of non-interacting spin-1/2 Hamiltonians. We then study the post quench-dynamics of the one- and two-dimensional Ising model in presence of longitudinal and transversal fields with PV-FMFT and compute the single site magnetization and correlation functions, and compare them against results from other state-of-the-art numerical approaches. In two-dimensional spin systems, we show that the employed spin-to-fermion mapping can break rotational symmetry within the PV-FMFT description, and we discuss the resulting consequences for the calculated correlation functions. Our work introduces PV-FMFT as a benchmark for other numerical techniques and quantum simulators, and it outlines both its capabilities and its limitations.