Resilient Hierarchical Power Control for Hybrid GFL/GFM Microgrids Under Mixed Cyber-Attacks and Physical Constraints

TL;DR

This paper introduces a resilient hierarchical control framework for hybrid microgrids with GFL and GFM inverters, enhancing stability, power sharing, and cyber-attack resilience through innovative control strategies and predictors.

Contribution

It develops a unified control scheme addressing physical constraints and cyber threats, integrating a power increment mechanism, dynamic saturation handling, and advanced predictors.

Findings

Improved power sharing accuracy in simulations.

Enhanced resilience against cyber-attacks and data losses.

Stable operation confirmed by theoretical analysis.

Abstract

Hybrid microgrids integrating Grid-Following (GFL) and Grid-Forming (GFM) inverters present complex control challenges arising from the decoupling between long-term economic dispatch and real-time dynamic regulation, as well as the distinct physical limitations of heterogeneous inverters under cyber uncertainties. This paper proposes a Resilient Hierarchical Power Control (RHPC) strategy to unify these conflicting requirements within a cohesive framework. A standardized power increment mechanism is developed to bridge the tertiary and secondary layers, ensuring that real-time load fluctuations are compensated strictly according to the optimal economic ratios derived from the tertiary layer. To address the strict active power saturation constraints of GFL units, a dynamic activation scheme coupled with projection operators is introduced, which actively isolates saturated nodes from the consensus loop to prevent integrator wind-up and preserve the stability of the GFM backbone. Furthermore, the proposed framework incorporates a multi-scale attention mechanism and LSTM-based predictors into the secondary control protocol, endowing the system with robustness against unbounded False Data Injection (FDI) attacks and packet losses. Rigorous theoretical analysis confirms that the system achieves Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB) convergence, and simulations on a modified IEEE 33-bus system demonstrate that the proposed strategy significantly improves power sharing accuracy and operational resilience in both grid-connected and islanded modes compared to conventional methods.