Structure and Memory Control Self-Diffusion in Active Matter

TL;DR

This paper develops a quantitative framework linking microscopic force correlations and temporal persistence to self-diffusion in active matter, revealing how anisotropic collisions and memory effects influence transport properties.

Contribution

It introduces an exact expression for self-diffusivity based on measurable force statistics and applies it to active Brownian particles, highlighting the role of collisional memory.

Findings

Self-diffusion is reduced by collisional memory in active particles.

Anisotropic collisional forces suppress particle motion.

Memory effects act as a dissipative correction to diffusion.

Abstract

Despite extensive progress in characterizing the emergent behavior of active matter, the microscopic origins of self-diffusion in interacting active systems remain poorly understood. Here, we develop a framework that quantitatively links self-diffusion to collisional forces and their temporal correlations in active fluids. We show that transport is governed by two contributions: an equal-time suppression of motion arising from anisotropic collisional forces, and a memory correction associated with the temporal persistence of these forces. Together, these effects yield an exact expression for the self-diffusivity in terms of measurable force statistics and correlation times. We apply this framework to purely repulsive active Brownian particles and find that self-diffusion is always reduced, with collisional memory acting as a strictly dissipative correction. Our results establish a direct connection between microscopic force correlations and macroscopic transport, providing a general mechanical perspective for interpreting self-diffusion in active matter.