Discovery of a soft X-ray lag in the tidal disruption event AT2021ehb

TL;DR

This paper reports the first detection of soft X-ray time lags in a tidal disruption event, indicating a compact corona and relativistic disk reflection, with implications for understanding accretion physics and rapid flux variability.

Contribution

It presents the discovery of soft X-ray lags in AT2021ehb, linking TDE behavior to AGN-like disk-corona reverberation, and discusses the implications for accretion disk models.

Findings

Detection of a 500 s soft X-ray lag in AT2021ehb

Evidence for a compact corona and relativistic disk reflection

High blackbody temperature suggests non-standard accretion processes

Abstract

In this Letter, we report the detection of soft X-ray time lags-i.e. variability in the softer photons lagging behind that in the harder photons-in seven XMM-Newton observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate AT2021ehb. We find correlated variability between the soft (0.3-0.7 keV) and hard (0.9-10 keV) bands on about 10^4 s time-scales, and measure a soft lag of about 500 s. This behaviour is broadly consistent with the disk-corona reverberation scenario established in active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Together with the previously reported strong hard X-ray emission and broad Fe K line, our results suggest the presence of a compact corona and prominent relativistic disk reflection in AT2021ehb. The unusually high blackbody temperature (peaking at about 200 eV) is difficult to reconcile with thermal emission from a standard accretion disk around a about 10^7 Msun black hole, and may instead be analogous to the soft excess commonly observed in AGNs, whose physical origin remains debated. Finally, the measured lags offer a possible explanation for the rapid X-ray flux decline that occurred only three days after the peak, pointing to a scenario in which the corona cools following a sudden loss of the magnetic support required to sustain it.