An algebraic description of the Page transition

TL;DR

This paper provides an algebraic framework for understanding the Page transition in black hole evaporation, linking it to quantum error correction and phase transitions, and extends the analysis to infinite-dimensional settings.

Contribution

It introduces an algebraic approach to describe the Page transition, utilizing quantum error correction concepts and algebraic relative entropy, applicable to infinite-dimensional quantum systems.

Findings

Characterizes the Page transition as a phase transition in channel recovery.

Extends the algebraic description to infinite-dimensional settings using algebraic relative entropy.

Derives explicit probes based on relative entropy differences for type I/II factors.

Abstract

In this work, we develop an algebraic description of the Page transition, a key feature in black hole evaporation where the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve instead of monotonically increasing. By applying concepts from approximate quantum error correction with complementary recovery, we characterize the Page transition as a phase transition in channel recovery. We then generalize the description to infinite-dimensional settings using algebraic relative entropy, which remains valid even in type III factors. For type I/II factors, explicit probes based on relative entropy differences are derived, serving as indicators for the transition at the Page time.