Chatting with Confidants or Corporations? Privacy Management with AI Companions

TL;DR

This study explores how users manage privacy with AI companions, balancing emotional intimacy and institutional risks, revealing layered strategies and uncertainties in privacy control.

Contribution

It extends privacy theory by analyzing the interplay of emotional and institutional privacy management in human-AI companionship, based on user interviews.

Findings

Users blend interpersonal habits with institutional awareness.

Anthropomorphic design can lead to oversharing and privacy turbulence.

Users feel uncertain about platform-level data control.

Abstract

AI chatbots designed as emotional companions blur the boundaries between interpersonal intimacy and institutional software, creating a complex, multi-dimensional privacy environment. Drawing on Communication Privacy Management theory and Masur's horizontal (user-AI) and vertical (user-platform) privacy framework, we conducted in-depth interviews with fifteen users of companion AI platforms such as Replika and Character.AI. Our findings reveal that users blend interpersonal habits with institutional awareness: while the non-judgmental, always-available nature of chatbots fosters emotional safety and encourages self-disclosure, users remain mindful of institutional risks and actively manage privacy through layered strategies and selective sharing. Despite this, many feel uncertain or powerless regarding platform-level data control. Anthropomorphic design further blurs privacy boundaries, sometimes leading to unintentional oversharing and privacy turbulence. These results extend privacy theory by highlighting the unique interplay of emotional and institutional privacy management in human-AI companionship.