An Extension-Based Accessibility Framework for Making Blockly Accessible to Blind and Low-Vision Users
Rubel Hassan Mollik, Vamsi Krishna Kosuri, Hans Djalali, Stephanie Ludi, Aboubakar Mountapmbeme

TL;DR
This paper introduces a modular extension framework that enhances accessibility of block-based programming environments like Blockly for blind and low-vision users, improving spatial orientation and compatibility with screen readers.
Contribution
The paper presents a novel extension-based framework with a 3D navigation model and mode-based editing to make Blockly accessible without modifying core libraries.
Findings
Participants found it easier to form mental models with EAF
EAF improved spatial orientation for BVI users
Framework integrated successfully into existing BBPEs
Abstract
Block-based programming environments (BBPEs) such as Scratch and Code.org are now widely used in K-12 computer science classes, but they remain mostly inaccessible to blind or visually impaired (BVI) learners. A major problem is that prior accessibility solutions have relied on modifications to the Blockly library, making them difficult to apply in existing BBPEs and thereby limiting adoption. We present an Extension-based Accessibility Framework (EAF) to make BBPEs accessible for BVI students. The framework uses a modular architecture that enables seamless integration with existing Blockly-based BBPEs. We present an innovative three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical navigation model featuring stack labeling and block numbering, mode-based editing to prevent accidental modifications, and WAI-ARIA implementation to ensure compatibility with external screen readers. We evaluated our approach…
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Taxonomy
TopicsTactile and Sensory Interactions · Digital Accessibility for Disabilities · Interactive and Immersive Displays
