TRIM: Hybrid Inference via Targeted Stepwise Routing in Multi-Step Reasoning Tasks

TL;DR

TRIM introduces a stepwise routing approach for multi-step reasoning tasks, selectively deploying larger models only for critical steps to improve efficiency and accuracy.

Contribution

It proposes a novel step-level routing strategy that enhances inference efficiency by targeting only problematic reasoning steps for larger models.

Findings

TRIM achieves 5x higher cost efficiency on MATH-500.

Advanced policies match performance of expensive models with 80% fewer tokens.

Method generalizes well across different math reasoning benchmarks.

Abstract

Multi-step reasoning tasks like mathematical problem solving are vulnerable to cascading failures, where a single incorrect step leads to complete solution breakdown. Current LLM routing methods assign entire queries to one model, treating all reasoning steps as equal. We propose TRIM (Targeted routing in multi-step reasoning tasks), which routes only critical steps$\unicode{x2013}$those likely to derail the solution$\unicode{x2013}$to larger models while letting smaller models handle routine continuations. Our key insight is that targeted step-level interventions can fundamentally transform inference efficiency by confining expensive calls to precisely those steps where stronger models prevent cascading errors. TRIM operates at the step-level: it uses process reward models to identify erroneous steps and makes routing decisions based on step-level uncertainty and budget constraints. We develop several routing strategies within TRIM, ranging from a simple threshold-based policy to more expressive policies that reason about long-horizon accuracy-cost trade-offs and uncertainty in step-level correctness estimates. On MATH-500, even the simplest thresholding strategy surpasses prior routing methods with 5x higher cost efficiency, while more advanced policies match the strong, expensive model's performance using 80% fewer expensive model tokens. On harder benchmarks such as AIME, TRIM achieves up to 6x higher cost efficiency. All methods generalize effectively across math reasoning tasks, demonstrating that step-level difficulty represents fundamental characteristics of reasoning.