The pseudo-complex Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker model and the time dependence of the Hubble constant

TL;DR

This paper introduces a pseudocomplex FLRW cosmological model within pseudocomplex General Relativity, predicting a time-dependent Hubble constant and dark energy as a geometric effect, with results consistent with Lambda CDM and testable via future observations.

Contribution

It develops a pseudocomplex version of the FLRW model, deriving a geometric origin for dark energy and a variable Hubble parameter, constrained by recent BAO data.

Findings

Best-fit beta value of 1.0426 indicating specific cosmological parameters

Predicted redshift drift at z=4 matches Lambda CDM predictions

Hubble acceleration estimated at approximately 0.94 x 10^{-17} km/s^2

Abstract

The pseudocomplex version of the FLRW model is presented within the framework of pseudocomplex General Relativity (pcGR). In this approach, dark energy arises as a geometric consequence of the pseudocomplex structure, leading to a time dependent Hubble parameter rather than a strictly constant H0. The relation between the tiderived and constrained using recent DESI BAO data. Fitting beta yields a best-fit value beta = 1.0426, corresponding to a deceleration parameter q = -0.9361 and a present day Hubble acceleration me derivative of the Hubble parameter and a single geometric parameter beta in the effective dark energy equation of state is derived and constrained using recent DESI BAO data. Fitting beta yields a best-fit value beta = 1.0426, corresponding to a deceleration parameter q = -0.9361 and a present day Hubble acceleration H0 sim 0.94 x10-17 (km/s2)/Mpc. Using the exact Sandage Loeb relation, the predicted redshift drift over 20 years for a source at z = 4 is Delta-v sim -11.1 cm/s, in close agreement with the Lambda CDM prediction. In pcGR, however, the non-vanishing H0 is a direct geometric prediction, providing a clear and testable target for future high-precision spectroscopic observations.