Interactions of composite magnetic skyrmion-superconducting vortex pairs in ferromagnetic superconductors

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and interaction of composite topological excitations, specifically skyrmion-vortex pairs, in ferromagnetic superconductors, revealing stable bound states and clustering behavior through a Ginzburg--Landau model.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical framework demonstrating the stability and interaction regimes of skyrmion-vortex pairs in ferromagnetic superconductors, advancing understanding of hybrid topological matter.

Findings

Skyrmion-vortex pairs form energetically stable bound states.

SVPs exhibit short-range repulsion and long-range attraction.

Clustering phenomena emerge from their interactions.

Abstract

We study composite topological excitations in ferromagnetic superconductors consisting of bound states of magnetic spin textures (skyrmions) and superconducting vortices. Using a Ginzburg--Landau framework with Zeeman coupling between the magnetization and superconducting magnetic field, we demonstrate that skyrmion-vortex pairs (SVPs) form energetically stable bound states. By analyzing their asymptotic interactions, we identify regimes in which SVPs exhibit both short-range repulsion and long-range attraction, leading to clustering phenomena. Our results provide a field-theoretical basis for understanding suggest pathways for controlling hybrid topological matter through long-range interactions.