New Estimate for the Cosmic Ray-Induced $\rm H_2$ Photodissociation Rate in the Interstellar Medium

TL;DR

This paper derives a new, more accurate rate for cosmic ray-induced hydrogen molecule dissociation in interstellar clouds, significantly impacting chemical modeling and molecular abundance predictions.

Contribution

The authors provide a revised dissociation rate for H2 due to cosmic rays, correcting previous overestimations and improving the accuracy of astrochemical models.

Findings

New dissociation rate: 0.831 times the cosmic ray ionization rate.

Overestimation in previous models led to overpredicted methanol abundance.

Using the new rate improves the reliability of chemical simulations in molecular clouds.

Abstract

In the interstellar medium, cosmic rays (CRs) generate a field of ultraviolet (UV) photons via the excitation and subsequent radiative decay of $\rm H_2$ molecules. This UV field is a major agent of ionization and dissociation in the inner regions of molecular clouds that are shielded from the effects of the interstellar radiation field. In particular, the dissociation of $\rm H_2$, by far the most abundant molecule in interstellar clouds, leads to the production of atomic hydrogen which then takes part in the production of a multitude of molecules, in particular complex organics on the surfaces of interstellar dust grains. Precise knowledge of the rates of CR-induced dissociation processes is thus crucial for constructing reliable chemical models. For the present paper, we have derived a new value of $k_{\rm diss, CR}(\mbox{$\rm H_2$})=0.831\zeta$ for the rate of $\rm H_2$ dissociation, where $\zeta$ is the CR ionization rate of $\rm H_2$. This prediction contrasts a previous value from the Leiden database which overestimated the rate due to an inconsistent treatment of the $\rm H_2$ abundances and photodissociation cross sections. By running a series of chemical models, we show that the overestimated dissociation rate has a large effect on the results of chemical simulations, with the abundance of methanol being overestimated by over one order of magnitude. Hence, we strongly recommend the adoption of our new estimate $k_{\rm diss, CR}(\mbox{$\rm H_2$})=0.831\zeta$ in all chemical models that include this process. Our newly derived value corresponds to $\rm H_2$ being purely in the para form ($J^{\prime\prime} = 0$). However, in the interiors of molecular clouds the $\rm H_2$ ortho-to-para ratio is low and using the rate for para-$\rm H_2$ is an adequate approximation.